TY - JOUR AU - Morka, E AU - Jewo, A.O PY - 2022/07/07 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUM) AND ONION (ALIUM CEPA) ON ISOLATES FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS JF - NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENT JA - NJSE VL - 20 IS - 1 SE - Articles DO - UR - https://delsunjse.com/index.php/njse/article/view/82 SP - AB - <p><span id="page3R_mcid10" class="markedContent"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 342.061px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.967556);" role="presentation">This study assessed the antimicrobial activities of aqueous extracts of </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 365.061px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.949776);" role="presentation">Capsicum annum (pepper) and</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 451.683px; top: 365.061px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02595);" role="presentation">Allium cepa (onion) of 30 isolates of </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 388.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928646);" role="presentation">urinary tract infections. Isolation and identification of the bacteria species </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.893656);" role="presentation">were</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 234.413px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906543);" role="presentation">carried</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 305.973px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919976);" role="presentation">out</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 347.753px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906695);" role="presentation">using</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 407.133px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.869666);" role="presentation">standard</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 490.913px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.957793);" role="presentation">microbiological</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 633.833px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.863568);" role="presentation">and</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 678.813px; top: 411.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923674);" role="presentation">biochemical </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 434.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.960728);" role="presentation">techniques. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique was employed for the </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.957973);" role="presentation">antibiotic</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 272.773px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912034);" role="presentation">study</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 333.633px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.911716);" role="presentation">using</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 394.793px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904499);" role="presentation">relevant</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 476.753px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.930129);" role="presentation">Gram-positive</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 610.023px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.863568);" role="presentation">and</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 656.583px; top: 457.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.907171);" role="presentation">Gram-negative </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 480.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.919645);" role="presentation">antibiotic discs. Zones of inhibition were compared with the guidelines set </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.955643);" role="presentation">by</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 215.793px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.879664);" role="presentation">the</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 256.573px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.981959);" role="presentation">Clinical</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 336.513px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928405);" role="presentation">Laboratory</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 441.233px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.877814);" role="presentation">Standard</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 528.973px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.934857);" role="presentation">Institute</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 610.713px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.96979);" role="presentation">(CLSI).</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 688.453px; top: 503.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.858875);" role="presentation">Percentage</span><br role="presentation"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 526.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.888208);" role="presentation">prevalence showed that</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 372.483px; top: 526.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909444);" role="presentation">Escherichia coli (30%) had the highest occurrence </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 549.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.03126);" role="presentation">followed by</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 294.233px; top: 549.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.00492);" role="presentation">Proteus mirabilis (20%),</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 519.283px; top: 549.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.920874);" role="presentation">Staphylococcus aureus</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 721.717px; top: 549.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.931409);" role="presentation">(13%), </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 572.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.931005);" role="presentation">Streptococcus sp. (12%),</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 396.683px; top: 572.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.979111);" role="presentation">Bacillus sp. (8%),</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 556.917px; top: 572.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.988272);" role="presentation">Citrobacter freundii (6%), </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 595.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.964926);" role="presentation">Klebsiella pneumonia (6%) while the least dominant was</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 669.917px; top: 595.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.925566);" role="presentation">Neisseria sp.</span><br role="presentation"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.92274);" role="presentation">(5%).The</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 267.633px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.948812);" role="presentation">antimicrobial</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 386.553px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.904442);" role="presentation">effects</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 451.733px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9996);" role="presentation">of</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 480.513px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.852412);" role="presentation">aqueous</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 558.093px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909722);" role="presentation">extract</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 624.897px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.9996);" role="presentation">of</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 653.677px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.871647);" role="presentation">pepper</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 720.057px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.89955);" role="presentation">on</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 752.237px; top: 618.111px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.879664);" role="presentation">the </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 641.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928715);" role="presentation">isolates showed that the highest zone of inhibition for all the isolates was </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 664.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.958541);" role="presentation">at 100 mg/ml It was observed that virtually all the tested drugs showed </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 687.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.951755);" role="presentation">high level of susceptibility to the bacterial isolates such as ciprofloxacin</span><br role="presentation"><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926351);" role="presentation">(100%),</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 257.833px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.936764);" role="presentation">pefloxacin</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 355.593px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.931334);" role="presentation">(100%)</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 428.953px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.863568);" role="presentation">and</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 471.133px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.902919);" role="presentation">augmenting</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 578.693px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.931334);" role="presentation">(100%)</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 652.053px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.974918);" role="presentation">while</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 709.833px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.879664);" role="presentation">the</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 747.613px; top: 710.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.8622);" role="presentation">rest </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 733.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.964697);" role="presentation">antibiotics were above 50% effectivity. The study also revealed that all </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 756.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.929561);" role="presentation">tested antibiotics were equally susceptible to the Gram-negative bacteria </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 779.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.922856);" role="presentation">isolates such as ciprofloxacin (100%), nefloxacin (100%), septrin (100%), </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.971451);" role="presentation">rifampicin</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 279.993px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926351);" role="presentation">(100%),</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 361.973px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.939138);" role="presentation">erythromycin</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 486.693px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928922);" role="presentation">(100%),</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 568.853px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.90332);" role="presentation">augmentin</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 670.413px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928542);" role="presentation">(100%)</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 747.393px; top: 802.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.863568);" role="presentation">and </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 825.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.95429);" role="presentation">levofloxacin (100%).</span> <span dir="ltr" style="left: 365.353px; top: 825.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.941471);" role="presentation">Thus, the findings su</span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 539.083px; top: 827.724px; font-size: 16.6px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.06728);" role="presentation">ggest that aqueous extracts of </span><span dir="ltr" style="left: 179.633px; top: 848.144px; font-size: 20px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.906024);" role="presentation">onion and pepper at 100 mg/ml concentrations have antibiotic properties</span></span></p> ER -